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Pronunciation varies by accent · noun
(immunology) An immunogenic preparation containing a biologically inactivated cytokine, used experimentally as a form of vaccination to induce the production of antibodies against overproduced cytokines in several immune-related conditions (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus, AIDS and Crohn's disease)..
For this purpose, IFN alpha was chemically converted into a biologically inactive, but still immunogenic product, which we termed “kinoid”, reminiscent of that of bacterial toxins which have been transformed into toxoids for vaccination. […] Active “kinoid” immunization should permit to counteract the overproduction of the corresponding cytokine when involved in pathogenesis.
We are currently developing IFNα–kinoid (IFN-K) as an alternative treatment for SLE. Kinoids are composed of inactivated cytokines conjugated to a carrier protein, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and are then injected as an emulsion with an adjuvant. In animal studies, immunization with kinoids induces high titers of polyclonal neutralizing antibodies against the targeted cytokine[.]
Use kinoid when its meaning, tone and grammar fit the full sentence. A synonym is not always a direct replacement.
Kinoid means (immunology) An immunogenic preparation containing a biologically inactivated cytokine, used experimentally as a form of vaccination to induce the production of antibodies against overproduced cytokines in several immune-related conditions (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus, AIDS and Crohn's disease)..
The closest synonym depends on the sentence and intended sense.
The opposite depends on the specific sense.
For this purpose, IFN alpha was chemically converted into a biologically inactive, but still immunogenic product, which we termed “kinoid”, reminiscent of that of bacterial toxins which have been transformed into toxoids for vaccination. […] Active “kinoid” immunization should permit to counteract the overproduction of the corresponding cytokine when involved in pathogenesis.
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